A hybrid multiphase model accounting for particle agglomeration for coarse-grid simulation of dense solid flow inside large-scale cyclones

A hybrid multiphase model (Dense Discrete Phase Model, DDPM) coupled with an agglomeration model and a
sub-grid drag model was developed for simulation of industrial-scale cyclones with high solid loading. The
model is validated by experimental results of pressure drop and separation efficiency from a pilot-scale cyclone
with a diameter of 1.6 m. Key trends such as improvement in separation efficiency and reduction in pressure drop
of cyclone due to an increase in particle load are well captured by the model. It is concluded that including
the agglomeration model is crucial in particular in cases involving very fine particles (d < 15 μm) for accurate
predictions of pressure drop and separation efficiency, while using the sub-grid drag modification improves
the prediction of separation efficiency.