Climate Change and Food Insecurity

Non-climatic stressors (e.g., demographic and income growth, demand for animal products) and climate change (CC) influence the food system. These climatic and non-climatic stressors have an effect on the four pillars of food security (availability, access, use, and stability) [1]. From the beginning of the 1990s, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), showed that over the period from 1850 to 2012, the global average temperature had experienced warming of 0.78 ◦C. This global warmingcould be induced by the change in the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere from 278 ppm to 379 ppm. The prediction for the end of the 21st century is a global warming that will range between 1.5 ◦C and 2 ◦C [2]. In Africa, in recent decades, temperatures have increased at a rate somewhat faster than the global average temperature. Thus, the 2019 year was identified as one of the three warmest years on this continent [3]. CC is a consequence of global warming, which has adverse effects on fluctuations in annual total precipitations, average temperature, global increase in atmospheric CO2, and sea-level rise.