Budi Daya 22 Komoditas Laut Untuk Konsumsi Lokal Dan Ekspor
M. Ghufran H. Kordi K.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">Potensi sumber daya perikanan laut Indonesia, baik penangkapan
</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(capture) </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">maupun budi daya </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(culture) </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">sangat besar. Di masa yang akan
datang, potensi perikanan budi daya sangat prospektif untuk
dikembangkan. Ini karena kegiatan perikanan tangkap tidak dapat
diekspansi lagi, mengingat stok sumber daya perikanan tangkap telah
dieksploitasi secara optimum </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(full fishing), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">bahkan berlebihan </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(over
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">fishing).
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">Budi daya perairan atau akuakultur </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(aquaculture) </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">menjadi tulang
punggung produksi perikanan nasional di masa depan, baik untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi dalam negeri maupun untuk ekspor.
Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang besar merupakan potensi pasar bagi
produksi budi daya perairan. Di samping itu, biota-biota akuatik yang
dibudidayakan merupakan komoditas bernilai jual tinggi di pasar
internasional, sehingga tidak sulit menembus pasar ekspor.
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">Di antara biota akuatik yang bernilai jual tinggi dan telah dibudidayakan
adalah biota laut, baik ikan maupun non-ikan. Biota laut non-ikan yang
bernilai jual tinggi dan merupakan komoditas ekspor, di antaranya adalah
udang </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Penaeus, Litopenaeus), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">tiram mutiara </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Pinctada, Pteria), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">sotong
</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Sepioteuthis), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">karang hias </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Acropora, Montipora), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">kima (</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">Tridacna,
Hippopus), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">abalon </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Haliotis), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">rajungan </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Portunus), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">lobster </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Penulirus),
</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">kepiting bakau </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Scylla), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">teripang </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">(Holothuria), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">dan rumput laut
(</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">Kappaphycus/Euchema, Gracillaria).
</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">Dengan demikian, biota laut non-ikan di atas merupakan komoditas
potensial dan prospektif yang dapat dikembangkan melalui kegiatan budi
daya untuk peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, terutama nelayan dan
petani ikan, penyediaan lapangan kerja, dan pemasukan devisa daerah
dan negara. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;">Pengembangan budi daya perairan, termasuk budi daya biota laut non-
ikan, akan mengimbangi kegiatan penangkapan. Biota-biota laut yang
telah berhasil dibenihkan secara terkontrol, benihnya tidak hanya
digunakan untuk kegiatan pembesaran, tetapi juga untuk restoking untuk
mengembalikan populasi biota tersebut di habitatnya. Restoking akan
menjadi usaha tersendiri yang dikenal dengan istilah peternakan laut </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; font-style: italic;">(sea
ranching/marine ranching). </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;">Dengan cara ini kegiatan budi daya menjadi </span><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 10pt;">komplementer dengan kegiatan penangkapan.</span></p><div class="page" title="Page 10"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">Penulisan buku berjudul </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">Budi Daya </span><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">22 </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; font-style: italic">Komoditas Laut </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'">ini adalah bagian
dari upaya mendorong budi daya laut atau marikultur, khususunya biota
laut non-ikan. Buku ini diharapkan mengisi kekosongan pustaka praktis
dalam budi daya laut, khususnya biota non-ikan yang memang masih
sangat terbatas.
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</div><p style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;">Buku ini adalah buku teknis-praktis yang ditulis untuk panduan/
pegangan bagi praktisi yang bergerak dalam budi daya biota laut non-
ikan, seperti petani ikan, teknisi, penyuluh, tenaga pendamping,
fasilitator/pelatih, dan pengusaha/calon pengusaha. Karena itu, bagi yang
ingin menambah wawasan terkait marikultur, terutama informasi yang
prinsipil dan teoretis, disarankan untuk membaca buku saya yang lain,
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times; font-style: italic;">Marikultur Pnnsip dan Praktik Budi Daya Laut </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Times;">(Lily Publisher,
Yogyakarta, 2010).</span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'"> </span></p>
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