Buku Terbaru

Design and Application of Agricultural Equipment in Tillage System

Mustafa Ucgul, Chung-Liang Chang

<p>Due to the rapid increase in world population, the demand for food has increased dramatically. Climate change, labour shortage, and aging problems cause insufficient food supply. Agricultural technologies and farming systems need to be improved to meet the increased demand. Tillage systems are essential for food production and significantly affect crop production. A significant amount of the energy (from fuels) used in crop production is also expended in tillage systems. This energy use increases greenhouse gas emissions. The energy used in tillage systems must be reduced, and the efficiency of tillage tools must be improved to achieve sustainable farming practices. This can help farmers manage their farms better, reach high productivity, save resources, and achieve high-quality food production value. Therefore, designing new tillage systems or optimising existing systems is essential. This Special Issue involves 29 papers-27 research and 2 review articles from different countries on 6 continents and has eminent research focusing on improving, analysing, and designing tillage systems.<br></p>

Jangan Golput - Fatwa 10 Ulama Ahlusunnah

Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal

Deskripsi Buku<br>

Bovine Science: A Key to Sustainable Development

Sadashiv S. O., Sharangouda J. Patil

<p>Since the beginning of civilization, humans and animals developed very strong associations to their mutual benefits. The lives of humans and animals have been connected in all aspects. Early humans learned to raise animals for food and this continues today. Ruminant livestock are the most domesticated animals that includes bovines, ovines and caprines.</p><p>Livestock, particularly bovines, are important contributors to total food production in the world. Moreover, their contribution increases at a higher rate than that of cereals. These animals play very important economic and socio-cultural roles for the welfare of rural households. They help in employment, soil fertility, livelihoods, transport, agricultural traction, agricultural diversification, food supply, source of income and also in sustainable agricultural production. These animals play an important role in food supply for rural and urban areas and contribute to family nutrition. Products such as milk, eggs, and meat are used as a source of food, with other livestock products used for domestic consumption.</p>

Broiler Industry

Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Juan D. Latorre, ...

<p>In 1945, the American grocer Atlantic &amp; Pacific Tea Company (A&amp;P) organized the first of its “Chicken of Tomorrow” contests with the national finals held in 1948. For the finals, breeders submitted a case of 30 dozen hatching eggs to an Eastern Shore hatchery, where the eggs were hatched and the offspring fed until they reached the market weight and were then slaughtered. Broilers were judged on several factors, including growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, and the amount of meat on breast and drumsticks. Because the original purpose of most birds was to grow large quickly, breeders used weight as the primary selection criterion. Genetic line companies found that weight was moderately heritable, with 20 to 40 percent of the trait genetically controlled. Though simple, this selection process helped improve broiler breeder performance across generations. Market forces have changed selection criteria over the years. A more integrated and consolidated industry learned that weight and growth rates alone could not be the only selection criteria considered. This was particularly true as feed costs increased. Today, feed accounts for between 65 and 70 percent of the input cost for a broiler. Newborn chicks grow 31% (55g/bird) on day one, and 5,902% (2,521 g/bird) on day 35. This astonishing performance of the modern chicken comes from: (1) intensive selection for growth rate, (2) meticulous attention to health and husbandry, and (3) advances in feed formulation, matching the nutrient contents of the feed with the nutrient requirements of the bird. That is why gut health and feed efficiency are so crucial for broiler chickens since feed efficiency is considered “the money saver.” In today’s broiler industry, subclinical forms of coccidiosis or necrotic enteritis are often financially more devastating than acute, short-term infections.</p><p>Likewise, dietary factors that modulate the immune system and gut microbiota should be considered when formulating diets and managing feeding practices. As the growth period is progressively shortened and feed efficiency continuously improved, the health care and nutrition of the bird are becoming more demanding. This makes it more important to pay attention to the minute changes that occur in the gut, which are often overlooked because the damage is subtle and usually characterized by microscopic changes in the mucosal layer. This book presents updated information on this fascinating industry in the areas of management, nutrition, health, diseases, and hatchery and incubation.</p>

Advances in Poultry Nutrition Research

Amlan Kumar Patra

<p>Most of the cost in poultry farming involves feeding management. Therefore, the profitability of poultry farming depends on a precisely formulated diet that provides all the essential nutrients in proper proportions. Because poultry diets consist primarily of corn and soybeans, the cost of such diets is high due to the high price of these crops. Therefore, it is essential to use other low-cost feed ingredients in poultry diets. These low-cost ingredients need to be properly proportioned so that production performance is not hampered.</p>

Poultry: Breeding, Health, Nutrition, and Management

Istvan Komlosi

<p>As the largest animal protein producer, the poultry industry is within the focus of mixed-diet consumers, as well as the livestock industry in general. The poultry industry is also extremely fast to uptake new technologies such as biotechnology, mechanization, robotics, and climate and nutrient control in order to be economically efficient and sustainable. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture is one of the EU Green Deal’s priorities. The NPK supply of a 100 ha field by pelletized poultry litter was found to possess a smaller environmental impact compared to several combinations of chemical fertilizers [1]. Off-site coupled industrial chicken manure recycling technology (Hosoya compost) fundamentally affects the agricultural value of organic-based products [2]. Achieving the reduction in the N emissions in the poultry industry is vital.</p>

Poultry Nutrition

Vincenzo Tufarelli

<p>Nutrition is defined in a range of ways, but is frequently inadequately understood. It is a simple concept, yet encompasses much complexity. In recent years, advances in poultry production, introduction of new and alternative products, and the development of new dietary management approaches have made it possible to increase poultry performance. However, to realize this, there must be further focus on diet quality. Producing suitable poultry products requires knowing the factors affecting quality, then exercising management accordingly. This book presents cross-discipline studies covering many aspects, ranging from poultry production and nutrition to alternative feeding systems, with the aim of disseminating information suitable for improving poultry health and products quality. Moreover, the purpose of this book is also to provide information about feed quality and alternative ingredients testing that can be used to improve poultry performance and producers’ returns.</p>

Capsicum

Aman Dekebo

<p>Capsicum (bell pepper or chili pepper) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Capsicum is one of the most economically important vegetable crops throughout the world. It has great importance for its nutritional characteristics and its antioxidant content to reduce food spoilage. The fruits of this plant are used as seasoning for food because of their characteristic flavor, aroma, and pungency. The unique flavonoids of this genus are capsaicinoids and capsainoids, which have been linked to many beneficial biochemical and pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. This book provides relevant and practical information for readers interested in this crop, including biochemists, natural product chemists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, molecular biologists, researchers, students, ethnobotanists, ecologists, nutritionists, organic gardeners and farmers, and those interested in herbs and herbal medicine.</p>

Capsaicin and its Human Therapeutic Development

Gyula Mózsik

<p>Recently, the book series “Progress in Drug Research” the 68th volume dealt for the first time on “Capsaicin as a Therapeutic Molecule” (Springer, Basel, 2014). These facts, together with the new results of very active research, indicated to IntechOpen Limited, London, the need for a summarized account of the actual (updated) position of capsaicin research.</p><p>Besides introductory chapter, five excellent chapters are found in this book dealing with procedures of capsaicin from capsicum plants, emerging technologies to improve capsaicin delivery, correlations between capsaicinoid diversity and its human food preference, correlation between the capsaicin and lipid metabolism, and predictors that can be used in treatment responses to capsaicin in humans. The results of these observations clearly indicate that the capsaicin research has changed direction to include human medical treatment with capsaicin. This is why the editor has emphasized the key roles of international laws and necessary permissions.</p>

Capsicum: Current Trends and Perspectives

Orlex Baylen Yllano

<p>Over the centuries, Capsicums have been cultivated and transformed into various shapes, sizes, and flavors and have become essential ingredients in diverse cuisines, supplements, and functional foods. The economic potential of Capsicum makes it a valuable crop in many parts of the world.</p>

Smart Sensing Technologies for Agriculture

Viacheslav Adamchuk, Kenneth Sudduth, ...

<p>In recent years, agriculture has been transformed from a relatively conservative set of cultural practices to a dynamic industry producing food and other biomaterials in a highly competitive market. Unpredictable weather patterns and public concerns pertaining to the sustainability of food supply and the environment motivate farmers and other agri-businesses to consider various technological advancements. Thus, developments in precision agriculture and related scientific research lead to new means of managing crops and livestock in a more efficient and environmentally friendly manner. Many emerging practices rely on new sensors and new sensor applications to make this aim feasible and economically viable. This Special Issue presents 14 papers discussing cutting-edge research on smart sensing technologies applied to diverse agricultural challenges. Whereas some sensor systems generate data essential for decision support, others become part of closed-loop control systems that automate specific operations and processes.</p>

Wind Turbines

Frede Blaabjerg, Elizaveta Liivik

<p>Wind energy occupies a leading place among renewable energy sources for electric power system generation. The cumulative installations of wind turbines are continuously growing, and last year the cumulative capacity increased by nearly 11%, to around 539 GW [Wind Energy Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2017], and it is expected to transcend 760 GW by 2020 [Renewables 2018 Global Status Report—REN21]. Today, the global installed renewable generation capacity has passed 2000 GW, where hydro-power counts for around 1000 GW.</p><p>Moreover, in 2017, the offshore wind power sector had its best year yet and its total capacity increased by 30%. This constant increase in the rapid pace of wind power is due to significant technological achievements in recent years, and it has made it possible to lower the cost of energy dramatically from that coming from wind turbines. The size of wind turbines continues to increase, and several manufacturers have announced plans to produce wind turbines of 10 MW and larger [Wind Energy Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2017]. All of the above is achieved through technological advancements, including advanced wind speed prediction; advanced control methods; power electronics and its control; advanced manufacturing techniques; new materials, but also fault detection and diagnostic methods, which can provide a high level of reliability; availability; maintainability; and safety for the wind turbines. The competition between the different renewable energy sources is intense—photovoltaic power is constantly pushing the limits of lowering the cost of energy—and thereby also challenges wind power technology to come up with better and more cost-effective solutions.</p>

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems

<p>The reduction of greenhouse gases emissions is a major governmental goal worldwide. The European Union, United Kingdom, United States and Canada have embraced a goal of achieving “net-zero” greenhouse gas emissions economy-wide by 2050. The main target is to move away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector, and then switch to clean power to fuel transportation, buildings and industry. Therefore intensive research and collaborative projects dealing with the installation of many wind turbines and solar panels, both onshore and offshore, are taking place with the main objective of decarbonizing electricity grid systems through the exploitation of wind and solar power. In fact, the rapidly plunging costs of wind and solar resources makes renewable energy the least costly option for new clean and reliable power.</p>

Advances in Sensors, Big Data and Machine Learning in Intelligent Animal Farming

Yongliang Qiao, Lilong Chai, ...

<p>Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing a number of challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. Maintaining the good health and welfare of livestock and poultry is very important in terms of production efficiency, social economy, and sustainability. In livestock and poultry farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of livestock and poultry information can help us to analyze the health and welfare status of animals. Early detection of sick or abnormal individuals can help reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, livestock and poultry farming mainly relies on manual observation to obtain animal information, but the method is labor intensive and subjective to human errors. The contact method of implanting devices/sensors into animals to monitor animals’ physiological conditions has been tested widely. The concern of this contact method is causing animal stress responses and impacting animal wellbeing.</p>

Engineering of Smart Agriculture

Paweł Kiełbasa, Tadeusz Juliszewski, ...

<p>The monograph presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. Furthermore, innovative methods that are shaping the future of the food system are presented. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, automation, drones, and precision agriculture.</p><p>The use of these tools allows the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, minimization of water and energy usage, and improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. It outlines how smart farming can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing water usage, reducing waste, and protecting biodiversity.</p>

Irrigation and Drainage Recent Advances

Muhammad Sultan, Fiaz Ahmad

<p>Irrigation and drainage play a key role in the success and productivity of on-farm agriculture. Good quality water is a prime mover of agriculture and farming. Approximately more than 80% of available freshwater reserves are utilized to irrigate farmlands to produce food and fibers. The deficiency in available freshwater has intensified due to climate change and population growth, which is devastating the agriculture sector. The global commitment to the scholar-coined term “Day Zero Water &amp; Food” urges researchers to explore advanced irrigation techniques and/or management strategies for effectively utilizing and conserving the freshwater at farms. Consequently, this book presents state-of-the-art research and review studies related to irrigation methods, irrigation management, groundwater recharging techniques, rainwater harvesting, and computer intelligence for developing smart irrigation.</p>

The Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers

Todd S. Rosenstock, Andreea Nowak

<p>Whereas many technologies are available to help farmers better cope with climate risks, improving farmers’ access to these technologies, while strengthening incentives around their adoption, remains the more significant challenge. Despite millions of dollars of investment, adoption rates of new agricultural technologies in much of eastern and southern Africa remain low (Giller et al. 2009; Asfaw et al. 2016). The majority of farmers continue to struggle with the costs and risks of new technologies. Increasing climate risks simply make these efforts more difficult.</p><p>This volume highlights current efforts being made by scientists in eastern and southern Africa in developing and disseminating climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies. Emphasis was placed on getting previously unpublished data written up and presented. Unlike many edited volumes, the book started with an open call for chapters on five key topics. More than 70 applications were submitted and evaluated against the criteria, which included: relevance of the topic, whether new data were being presented, and the quality of the science. Twenty-three applications were selected to move on to full chapter development. Twelve specific contributions were then commissioned by the book’s editors to fill gaps in the discussion. After at least two technical reviews and multiple rounds of revision, 25 of these papers were accepted for publication within this volume. Unpublished chapters, which still contain important content for development, can be found on the webpage that accompanies this book.</p>

Recent Research and Advances in Soilless Culture

Metin Turan, Sanem Argin, ...

<p>The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) has reported that thirty football fields of soil are lost annually. It takes 1000 years to produce only 3 cm of soil. At present, the soil is the most common media used for growing crops throughout the world, as it provides the support, nutrition, air, and water required for the optimum growth of plants. However, the soil has some serious limitations, mainly in safe food production, due to climate change (temperature, solar intensity, water deficiency, soil pollution, low biodiversity, soil degradation, soil salinity), soil-borne diseases, nematodes, drainage, transport, short life cycle, and other factors. The challenges facing soil-based agriculture have led to the invention of soilless agriculture. A plant does not need soil to grow, but it does need soil to obtain nutrients. Soilless cultivation has become possible through the use of advanced technology. Soilless farming refers to growing a wide range of crops, particularly horticultural crops, in different growing media or substrates other than soil (substrate culture) or in an aerated nutrient solution (water culture). In other words, it includes all systems of plant growth either on porous substrates or on the pure nutrient solution (NS) instead of natural soil. Soilless culture practices worldwide emerged with the idea that existing agricultural land will not meet the food needs of the rapidly increasing population. Soilless culture practices, which have significant advantages over traditional methods of agriculture, are increasing globally.</p>

Mobile Marketing for Dummies

Michael Becker, John Arnold

<p><br></p><p>Marketers are always looking to make their communications more personal, more targeted, and more relevant. Mobile is arguably the most personal, targeted, and relevant marketing channel available.</p><p>Mobile devices provide individuals with almost instant access to friends and family, location-based information, productivity tools, entertainment, and all the benefits of accessing the Internet from almost anywhere. If you're responsible for marketing a business or organization, making sure your marketing campaigns find their way on to mobile devices is one of the most important jobs you have.</p><p>This book shows you how to create and run engaging mobile marketing campaigns using today's mobile technology. We explain the opportunities and strategies you need to reach mobile consumers and get them to engage. We show you how to deliver mobile messages including SMS, MMS, and mobile e-mail.</p><p>Because your prospects and customers have to opt in for you to deliver mobile messages to them, this book explains how to build a quality mobile opt-in list full of subscribers who reward your mobile marketing efforts. We also show you how to create great mobile Internet sites, mobile applications, advertising campaigns, and social media interactions.</p>

Future Heritages: Digital as New Doc-Humanity and In-Tangible Materiality

Letizia Bollini, Francesco E. Guida

<p>In this second issue devoted to memory and its relationship with the digital, we have chosen the image of an object, a Micronesian navigation chart. It originates within a tradition of implicit and empirical knowledge of a territory made experiential and handed down through an actual artefact. Unlike an ancient portulanus (pilot book), the map is physical and tactile and does not realistically reproduce or represent the morphology of the territory but rather a model of it. However, like Western nautical cartographies, this orientation tool embeds different levels of knowledge of a territory, or rather, of a context within which it is necessary to orient oneself in order to interact. Oriented thanks to the stellar compass, they include quantitative and qualitative information on ocean currents, flows, winds and betia or time-varying environment-based seamarks.<br></p><p>From our point of view, it represents a different way of trans- mitting and sharing "data" (intended as information) and knowledge to whom can interpret them. At the same time, it emphasises the path necessary to obtain that knowledge.</p>

E-Business and Research Institutes: When Technologies, Platforms and Methods Converge to Meet Users’ Needs

Serena Pastore

<p><br></p><p>Research and educational institutes as well as business entities make massive use of the Internet and the web as the ideal platform to make their work and to promote their products. The main mission of a generic research or educational environment is to look at specific topics with studies and research, but one of the goals is disseminating and promoting such research, projects and activities. Even if not for-profit, such organizations need funds for their activities obtained as state funds or European contributions, or any other financing methods. The amount of financing is in some way related to the quality of the work done, the results in terms of scientific knowledge and technological transfer, but also is strictly related to the capacity of the institute to disseminate and promote researches, projects and activities. Studies, research and projects are the products and services of such organizations that still have a target market and therefore require the actions and methods of a typical business environment. In this perspective, we could apply to organizations such as research or education institutes some of the models and techniques of the business world to obtain successful results especially in today's hyper-connected environment. In general, models are defined by a combination of policies, operations, technologies and ideology. And a business model (Chesbrough, 2007) describes how an organization creates, delivers and captures value through a process known as a business strategy.</p>

The Mystique of Customers’ Saturation in Online Brand Communities

Zahy B. Ramadan, Ibrahim Abosag

<p>Most research studies in the area of online brand communities have largely studied the positive aspects of online brand communities, ignoring the negative influences, mainly the growing threat from customers' saturation within these communities. Given the lack of understanding on the concept of customer saturation in online brand communities, this study establishes the necessary early understanding on this important concept by combining various streams of marketing and brand literature as well as information system. This study enhances understanding through the development of five propositions focusing on the role of customers' saturation on (1) customers' experience within online brand communities, (2) brand relationship, and (3) the co-creation of value. The discussion and review of the current literature produces five important propositions. The propositions develop the direction that customer saturation in online brand communities is likely to impact three key areas.<br></p>

Understanding Consumer Behavior toward Social Enterprise Products

Farhana Ferdousi

<p>Social enterprise is an emerging global trend to solve society's major problems through the means of business. After microfinance, Yunus Social Business (Bangladesh) is now getting worldwide attention for its distinctive principles and application. This study attempted to investigate the impact of consumer knowledge and understanding about the social enterprises on their buying behavior. Moreover, consumers' perceived ethical and environ- mental awareness or rational considerations have also been investigated. Descriptive statistics shows that 26% respondents have clear understanding about social enterprise and 80% respondents believe that social enterprises can contribute to achieve sustainable devel- opment goals (SDGs). Findings of regression analysis show that consumers' purchase decisions are not influenced by their prior knowledge about social enterprise, ethical perception, and attitude, rather their decision is highly influenced by the information available on the product (P value.001, ß.602) and rational behavior that are stimulated through the rational pricing and availability of the product (P value.000, p.258). Thus, the study draws conclusion that to get increased consumer response, social enterprises should provide adequate infor- mation about their social and environmental mission and must maintain highest quality and ethical standards to create a trusted brand for all ethical, ecological, and rational consumers.<br></p>

Innovation In Social Entrepreneurship

Macky Chorghe, Katherine Naud, ...

<p>We are in a world that is changing: the population is growing, the urban regions are taking more space than rural areas, the poverty gap is getting bigger in certain cities and we know we will soon or later face the scarcity of natural resources. Social entrepreneurship tries to respond to these issues, usually concentrating more on issues like lack of education, poverty, hunger, bad health system, etc. through innovation. Social entrepreneurship is viewed as "a process that catalyzes social change and addresses important social needs in a way that is not dominated by direct financial benefits for the entrepreneurs" (Mair &amp; Marti, 2006). It requires a unique kind of individual; this individual must be driven, innovative, creative, resourceful, and inspired by the desire to improve their community. The "traditional" entrepreneur must discover a gap in the market for a product or service that its target market desires or will desire. A social entrepreneur however, must also do this and, in addition, must seek to fulfill a need that is socially fulfilling and that seeks to improve society as a whole. The beauty of social entrepreneurship is that it encourages the innovative entrepreneur to tackle the tough social problems that the government and other efforts have failed to aid.<br></p>